celldiagram.worldBiology · Specialized Cell
Neuron Diagram
A neuron is a specialized nerve cell built to receive, conduct and transmit information over long distances.
Interactive vector diagram — click a part, hide labels, or download a 300 DPI PNG / editable SVG.
Diagram labels and functions
| Structure / stage | Function |
|---|---|
| Dendrites | Receive signals from other cells. |
| Cell body | Contains the nucleus and most organelles. |
| Axon | Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body. |
| Myelin sheath | Insulates the axon and speeds conduction. |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Gaps where the impulse is regenerated. |
| Axon terminals | Release neurotransmitters at synapses. |
How a neuron is shaped for its job
Branching dendrites collect input, the cell body integrates it, and a long axon carries impulses toward terminals.
Myelin and synapses
Myelin allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier. At the terminal, electrical activity triggers release of neurotransmitters across a synapse.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main parts of a nerve cell diagram?
Dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier and axon terminals.
What is the function of the axon?
It conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.
Why do neurons have many mitochondria?
Maintaining ion gradients and releasing neurotransmitters require large amounts of ATP.
Search terms covered by this page
nerve cell diagram · neuron cell diagram · diagram of a nerve cell